436 Liberation Theology

This week we talk about Liberation Theology in Latin America and how it was crushed by the Vatican.

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Catholic Church as a tool of the Spanish Empire
Revolution, independence, and the status quo
Early 20th Century Catholic Action Movement
- Holguin of Arequipa and Farfán of Cusco
- Started separating the church from state
- Started political advocacy for the poor
- Base Ecumenical Communities
Gustavo Gutiérrez
- Partial Qetchua ancestry
- Became a priest in 1959
- Studied in Europe
Latin American Episcopal Counsel
- Pushed for progressive reforms in Vatican II (1962 – 1965)
- 1968 Medellin, Colombia meeting
  - Goal was to support BEC
  - First introduction of Liberation Theology
Gustavo Gutierrez published “A Theology of Liberation” in 1971
Liberation Theology
- First level – Poor liberate themselves from economic exploitation
- Second Level – Liberation from fatalism and recognition of free will
- Third level – Communion with God.
- Revolution is an option
Sandinista Nicaragua – 1978 – 1990
Opposition
- John Paul II
- Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI
- Church went more spiritual and argued Liberation Theology was too material
- Reconciliation Theology argued that by reconciling with God and others class struggle and revolution could be avoided.
- With the fall of communism and changes to the global economy it couldn’t keep up.
- By the mid 1990s the movement was dead.
Conclusion

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